In case of sudden chest pain, shortness of breath or fainting, call 112.

Which treatment for which condition?

Each topic has its own page: who it is for, how it is done and what recovery looks like.

Heart valves

• TAVI — A new valve is placed inside the narrowed aortic valve using a catheter, usually advanced through the artery in the groin. The breastbone is not opened.
• Mitral valve repair — The two leaflets of a leaking mitral valve are joined with a small clip, placed using a catheter advanced through the vein in the groin. The chest is not opened; the aim is to reduce the leak.
• Tricuspid valve repair — The leaflets of a leaking tricuspid valve are brought together with one or more clips, placed using a catheter advanced through the vein in the groin. The chest is not opened; the aim is to reduce the leak.

Coronary and vascular

• Radial angiography and stenting — The heart arteries are imaged using a thin catheter, usually passed through the artery at the wrist. If a narrowing that needs treatment is found, in suitable patients it can be opened with a balloon and a stent placed in the same session.
• Left main — The left main coronary artery is the short main trunk that supplies most of the heart's left ventricle. A narrowing here can be treated with bypass surgery or, in suitable patients, with a balloon and a stent; a heart team decides which is more suitable for you.
• Complex coronary — Narrowings at a point where an artery divides, heavily calcified or long narrowings, and narrowings that return inside a stent can be treated with balloons and stents, using additional techniques and imaging from inside the artery. The aim is to reduce symptoms such as chest pain and breathlessness.
• CTO — A heart artery that has been completely blocked for a long time is reopened, where possible, using special wires and catheters. The aim is to reduce symptoms such as chest pain and breathlessness.
• Peripheral angiography — The leg arteries are imaged using a dye given through a thin catheter and X-ray. This is a diagnostic test that shows where a narrowing is and how severe it is.
• Carotid stenting — A narrowing in the carotid artery, which carries blood to the brain, is opened with a stent placed through a thin catheter passed along the artery. The aim is to reduce the risk of stroke; it is one of the treatment options considered alongside surgery.
• Renal denervation — The activity of the nerves around the kidney arteries is reduced using a thin catheter. In selected patients whose blood pressure stays high despite several medicines, it may help lower blood pressure; it does not replace medicines, cutting down on salt or lifestyle changes.

Structural and other

• LAA closure — The small pouch of the left atrium, where clots most often form in atrial fibrillation, is closed with a small plug placed by a catheter passed through the vein in the groin. It is considered for selected patients who cannot take blood thinners long term.
• ASD closure — A hole present from birth in the wall between the atria (ASD) can, in suitable patients, be closed with a small two-disc device passed through the vein in the groin. The chest is not opened.
• AF ablation — The area where the irregular signals of atrial fibrillation usually start is electrically isolated using catheters passed through the vein in the groin. The chest is not opened; the aim is to restore a regular rhythm and ease symptoms.
• Heart failure — Heart failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump as much blood as the body needs. This page explains the symptoms, the tests used for diagnosis and how regular follow-up works.
• Consultation and diagnostics — A heart consultation starts with listening to your symptoms. Which diagnostic tests you need, such as an ECG, echocardiography, an exercise test, Holter monitoring or blood tests, is decided during the consultation.

Medical content reviewed and approved by Prof. Dr. Barış Kılıçaslan. Last updated: 4 October 2026. Editor: Baran Zeydan (info@clinixcrm.app).